Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. While the term is often used interchangeably with propane, LPG is actually a broader category that refers to mixtures of propane (C₃H₈), butane (C₄H₁₀), or a combination of both, depending on the regional climate and specific application.

The Key Difference: LPG vs. Propane

• Propane is a specific type of hydrocarbon gas.

• LPG is the blanket category that includes pure propane, pure butane, or a blend of the two.

Because propane and butane have different physical properties, their ratio in LPG changes depending on how and where it is used:

• Propane-Heavy Blends: Propane has a very low boiling point (-42°C). LPG sold in colder climates or for outdoor winter use is primarily propane because it can still vaporise and flow in freezing temperatures.

• Butane-Heavy Blends: Butane has a higher boiling point (-0.5°C). It is preferred for indoor use (like portable indoor heaters), in warmer climates, or where higher energy density per volume is needed, as it liquefies more easily under lower pressure.

Composition Variations

Primary Uses

• Heating & Cooking: Used worldwide for domestic stoves, ovens, and central heating, particularly in areas without access to natural gas pipelines.

• Autogas: When used as a vehicle fuel, LPG is referred to as autogas. It is one of the most widely used alternative fuels in the world for cars, taxis, and delivery fleets.

• Industrial & Agricultural: Powers forklifts, fuels industrial boilers, and dries agricultural crops.

Environmental & Safety Profile

• Clean Burning: LPG releases fewer greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter than coal, fuel oil, petrol, or diesel.

• Non-Toxic to Soil/Water: In the event of a spill, LPG evaporates immediately into the air and does not contaminate soil or aquifers.

• Vapour Density: Just like pure propane, LPG vapour is heavier than air. If a leak occurs, it will settle in low spots, drains, or basements, requiring careful ventilation management.

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